CSA N288.1:20
- standard by CSA Group, 03/01/2020
- Guidelines for modelling radionuclide environmental transport, fate, and exposure associated with the normal operation of nuclear facilities, Includes
- Category: CSA GROUP
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Full Description
Preface:
This is the fourth edition of CSA N288.1, Guidelines for modelling radionuclide environmental transport, fate and exposure associated with the normal operation of nuclear facilities. It supersedes the previous editions published in 2014, 2008, and 1987 under the title, Guidelines for calculating derived release limits for radioactive material in airborne and liquid effluents for normal operation of nuclear facilities.
Major changes to this edition include
a) updated the structure of these Guidelines for increased consistency within the CSA N288 series;
b) removed administrative language from the Guidelines;
c) provided additional clarification in areas identified by users;
d) identified stable carbon data for aquatic plants and invertebrates;
e) improved consistency of language throughout the Guidelines; and
f) updated the guidance on transfer factors.
The COG background document (Hart, 2013) was revised in concert with the fourth edition; the updated version is referred to hereafter as the COG Derived Release Limits Guidance or CDG (Hart, 2019).
Users of these Guidelines are reminded that the site selection, design, manufacture, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities in Canada are subject to the Nuclear Safety and Control Act and its Regulations.
The CSA N-Series Standards provide an interlinked set of requirements for the management of nuclear facilities and activities. CSA N286 provides overall direction to management to develop and implement sound management practices and controls, while the other CSA Group nuclear Standards provide technical requirements and guidance that support the management system. These Guidelines work in harmony with CSA N286 and do not duplicate the generic requirements of CSA N286; however, they may provide more specific direction for those requirements.
Scope:
1.1 Facilities
These Guidelines and the CDG are intended to apply to CANDU nuclear power stations in Canada. However, the radionuclides and environmental pathways addressed make these Guidelines applicable to releases from many other nuclear facilities, including research reactors, radioisotope processing facilities, waste processing facilities such as incinerators, and power reactors other than those of CANDU design, subject to the limitations detailed in Clauses 1.2 to 1.8. Application to other types of facilities such as fuel fabrication plants and refineries is limited by the radionuclides considered here (see Clause 4.3). These Guidelines may be adapted to cover part of the needs of such facilities, but additional models or methodologies might be necessary for other parts. However, neither the radionuclides nor the models included in these Guidelines are complete enough to cover releases from sources such as uranium mines and mills, or permanent geologic disposal facilities. In addition, the pathways are incomplete for any facilities where extensive modelling of groundwater pathways is required.
1.2 Release paths
These Guidelines cover releases to the atmosphere and to surface water (both fresh and marine). They do not address releases to groundwater, although transfers from other media to groundwater wells and ponds are considered. Direct gamma irradiation from radioactivity inside the facility is not modelled because it does not involve a release.
1.3 Release duration
The methods specified in these Guidelines are designed for routine, continuous, low-level emissions. They also apply to periodic, short-term releases (see Clause 8.2), provided that
a) the releases are controlled and associated with normal operations;
b) the release rate is roughly the same from event to event;
c) for atmospheric releases, the total release duration exceeds approximately 1000 h in the year; for aquatic releases, at least one or two releases occur in each month of the year; and
d) the releases occur randomly over time.
Where the requirement of Item d) is not met but the releases are known to occur at a particular time of day or year, these Guidelines apply only if the air (water) concentrations are calculated using the meteorological (hydrological) data in effect for that time.
Notes:
1) Where non-random releases are calculated using time-appropriate data, it might be possible to relax the conditions on the release frequencies.
2) Releases that do not meet these conditions can use another model, such as that specified in CSA N288.2 for atmospheric releases.
3) For some facilities, intermittent releases occur predictably as spikes on a continuous base release. Such releases can be considered part of routine emissions and included in th
This is the fourth edition of CSA N288.1, Guidelines for modelling radionuclide environmental transport, fate and exposure associated with the normal operation of nuclear facilities. It supersedes the previous editions published in 2014, 2008, and 1987 under the title, Guidelines for calculating derived release limits for radioactive material in airborne and liquid effluents for normal operation of nuclear facilities.
Major changes to this edition include
a) updated the structure of these Guidelines for increased consistency within the CSA N288 series;
b) removed administrative language from the Guidelines;
c) provided additional clarification in areas identified by users;
d) identified stable carbon data for aquatic plants and invertebrates;
e) improved consistency of language throughout the Guidelines; and
f) updated the guidance on transfer factors.
The COG background document (Hart, 2013) was revised in concert with the fourth edition; the updated version is referred to hereafter as the COG Derived Release Limits Guidance or CDG (Hart, 2019).
Users of these Guidelines are reminded that the site selection, design, manufacture, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities in Canada are subject to the Nuclear Safety and Control Act and its Regulations.
The CSA N-Series Standards provide an interlinked set of requirements for the management of nuclear facilities and activities. CSA N286 provides overall direction to management to develop and implement sound management practices and controls, while the other CSA Group nuclear Standards provide technical requirements and guidance that support the management system. These Guidelines work in harmony with CSA N286 and do not duplicate the generic requirements of CSA N286; however, they may provide more specific direction for those requirements.
Scope:
1.1 Facilities
These Guidelines and the CDG are intended to apply to CANDU nuclear power stations in Canada. However, the radionuclides and environmental pathways addressed make these Guidelines applicable to releases from many other nuclear facilities, including research reactors, radioisotope processing facilities, waste processing facilities such as incinerators, and power reactors other than those of CANDU design, subject to the limitations detailed in Clauses 1.2 to 1.8. Application to other types of facilities such as fuel fabrication plants and refineries is limited by the radionuclides considered here (see Clause 4.3). These Guidelines may be adapted to cover part of the needs of such facilities, but additional models or methodologies might be necessary for other parts. However, neither the radionuclides nor the models included in these Guidelines are complete enough to cover releases from sources such as uranium mines and mills, or permanent geologic disposal facilities. In addition, the pathways are incomplete for any facilities where extensive modelling of groundwater pathways is required.
1.2 Release paths
These Guidelines cover releases to the atmosphere and to surface water (both fresh and marine). They do not address releases to groundwater, although transfers from other media to groundwater wells and ponds are considered. Direct gamma irradiation from radioactivity inside the facility is not modelled because it does not involve a release.
1.3 Release duration
The methods specified in these Guidelines are designed for routine, continuous, low-level emissions. They also apply to periodic, short-term releases (see Clause 8.2), provided that
a) the releases are controlled and associated with normal operations;
b) the release rate is roughly the same from event to event;
c) for atmospheric releases, the total release duration exceeds approximately 1000 h in the year; for aquatic releases, at least one or two releases occur in each month of the year; and
d) the releases occur randomly over time.
Where the requirement of Item d) is not met but the releases are known to occur at a particular time of day or year, these Guidelines apply only if the air (water) concentrations are calculated using the meteorological (hydrological) data in effect for that time.
Notes:
1) Where non-random releases are calculated using time-appropriate data, it might be possible to relax the conditions on the release frequencies.
2) Releases that do not meet these conditions can use another model, such as that specified in CSA N288.2 for atmospheric releases.
3) For some facilities, intermittent releases occur predictably as spikes on a continuous base release. Such releases can be considered part of routine emissions and included in th
Product Details
- Edition:
- 4th
- Published:
- 03/01/2020
- ISBN(s):
- 9781488325793
- Number of Pages:
- 478
- File Size:
- 1 file , 4.7 MB
- Product Code(s):
- 2427651, 2427642, 2427651
- Note:
- This product is unavailable in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
Document History
CSA N288.1:20
CSA N288.1-14 (R2019)
CSA N288.1-08 (R2013)
CSA C900.6-06 (R2011)
Heat Meters - Part 6: Installation, Commissioning, Operational Monitoring and Maintenance..
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